Biofarmasetikal Tropis (The Tropical Journal of Biopharmaceutical)

Analysis Of Rhodamine B Dye Content In Lipstick At Beriman Tomohon Market

Friska M. Montolalu — 2025-10-30

The use of cosmetics such as lipstick aims to improve the natural appearance of the lips and induce discoloration. A problem that is often worrying about today is the presence of prohibited dyes in lipstick preparations' main components. Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye prohibited in cosmetics, especially lipsticks. This research aims to analyze the Rhodamine B dye in lipsticks that do not have a distribution permit from BPOM circulating in the Beriman Tomohon market.The research method was Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), followed by wavelength measurement on UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. The research population was all red lipstick preparations and 10 (ten) different lipsticks as a sample.Data analysis in this research is to find the RF value obtained from TLC then make a graph of the equation y = bx + a then look for the x value to measure the Rhodamine B content in lipstick. The results of this research were obtained from 1 (one) sample of lipstick label L(I) positive containing Rhodamine B. Visually, the lipstick of the L(I) label has a pink color and fluorescence orange when irradiated with 366nm UV, Rhodamine B has an Rf value of 0.85. In contrast, the L(I) sample has an Rf value of 0.84. Rhodamine B has a wavelength of 544nm, and the lipstick sample L(I) has an absorbance of 0.362 which has a Rhodamine B content of 0.4115%.

Antibacterial Activity Of Green Sirih Leaves (Piper betle Linn) Against Propionibacterium Acnes

Douglas N. Pareta — 2025-10-30

Betel is one of the medicinal plants often found around us. Because of its properties as an antiseptic and wound medicine, this plant can be cultivated. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of green betel leaf essential oil against Propionibacterium acnes. This laboratory experimental research used a completely randomized design with three repetitions in five concentration treatments, one positive control and one negative control for Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The test method used was the agar diffusion method. Data was collected by observing and measuring the inhibition zone on each Petri dish, which was then tabulated. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. At a concentration of 10µl, green betel leaf essential oil can be an antibacterial agent against Propionibacterium acnes, according to the results of measuring the diameter of the inhibition zone produced.

Formulation And Evaluation Of Lip Balm Preparation From Watermelon Seed Extract (Citrullus lanatus) As Lip Moisturizer

Alter Y. Runtu — 2025-10-30

This study aimed to formulate and evaluate a lip balm preparation containing watermelon seed extract (Citrullus lanatus) as a safe and effective natural lip moisturizer, in response to the increasing demand for plant-based cosmetic products. The extract was obtained using the maceration method, and four lip balm formulations were prepared with extract concentrations of 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%. The preparations were evaluated through physical characterization tests, irritation assessment, hedonic evaluation, and stability testing over a 10-week storage period. The results indicated that all formulations were stable, exhibited acceptable pH values and melting points, and did not cause irritation. Increasing extract concentration significantly improved spreadability and moisturizing performance, with the 9% formulation receiving the highest preference among panelists. These findings suggest that watermelon seed extract has strong potential as a natural and safe active ingredient for lip care formulations.

Inhibitory Activity of Sea Grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) Against the Growth of Propionibacterium acnes

Yessie K. Lengkey — 2025-10-30

This study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) against the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, a bacterium that can cause acne on human skin. Sea grapes contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids which may act as natural antibacterial agents. This research was conducted experimentally in the laboratory using the agar diffusion method with paper discs. The sea grape sample was extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol and tested at concentrations of 100, 200, 300, and 400 µg/disc. Distilled water was used as a negative control. The results showed that the extract was able to inhibit the growth of Propionibacterium acnes, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 33.9 to 41.2 mm. The largest inhibition zone was found at the concentration of 400 µg/disc. In conclusion, sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa) have very strong antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and have potential as a natural antibacterial source.

Antipyretic Activity of Avocado Seed (Persea americana) Infusion in Pepton-Induced Fever in Male White Rats Rattus norvegicus

Wilmar Maarisit — 2025-10-30

Avocado seeds (Persea americana) have long been used in traditional medicine and are empirically believed to reduce fever. This study aimed to evaluate the antipyretic activity of an avocado seed infusion in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced with peptone. The infusion was prepared using distilled water at 90 °C. The antipyretic test consisted of five groups: a negative control (Na-CMC), a positive control (paracetamol), and three treatment groups receiving avocado seed infusion at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/200 g body weight. Fever was induced by intramuscular injection of 5% peptone (1 mL/200 g body weight). Rectal temperature was recorded at 30-minute intervals for 3 hours. The results showed that all treatment doses reduced rectal temperature after 180 minutes. The greatest reduction was observed at a dose of 300 mg/200 g body weight, with a decrease of 2.16 °C, indicating that avocado seed infusion exhibits dose-dependent antipyretic activity.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Dragon Tail Leaf Extract (Rhaphidophora pinnata (Lf) Schott) on Incisional Wound Healing in White Rats (Rattus norvegicus)

Joke L. Tombuku — 2025-10-30

Rhaphidophora pinnata (dragon tail leaf) has traditionally been used as a medicinal plant for treating wounds. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract on incision wound healing in male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The study employed a laboratory experimental design using 15 rats divided into five treatment groups: negative control (aquades), positive control (povidone iodine), and topical extract concentrations of 15%, 20%, and 25%. Wound length was measured daily for 14 days. Statistical analysis using paired sample t-test showed a significant difference between pre-treatment and post-treatment wound conditions (p = 0.000 < 0.05; t = 5.391). The results demonstrated that all extract concentrations accelerated wound closure, with the 25% concentration showing the greatest healing effect and complete wound closure by day 14. These findings indicate that Rhaphidophora pinnata leaf extract is effective in promoting incision wound healing, particularly at a concentration of 25%.